5G cell phones will soon be widely available. 5G will bring many new experiences. For us, the most attractive factor of 5G is that the network speed is several times faster than 4G.
5G can develop with several times or even dozens of times 4G LTE network propagation speed, can not be separated from our behind the use of a variety of new social technologies and new standards, 毫米波wave technology use of these is undoubtedly through the most important part of the key.
What is millimeter wave
What exactly is millimeter wave? In fact, we can turn over the high school students physics study textbook can be clear, its essence is such a high-frequency electromagnetic waves, it is a wavelength of 1-10 millimeters of electromagnetic waves, usually the development of enterprises is the working frequency in the 30GHz-300GHz between the electromagnetic waves. It is one of the main frequency bands to be used in the 5G communication system.
5G communication mainly uses two communication frequency bands. sub-6GHz belongs to the low frequency band, mainly using the frequency band below 6GHz for communication. In the millimeter wave band, high frequency millimeter waves from 24 GHz to 100 GHz are used for communication. Currently, 5G's use of millimeter waves is mostly concentrated in the 24 GHz/28 GHz/39 GHz/60 GHz bands.
This concludes the brief introduction to very high frequencies. Going back to the original question, what does the increase in network speed have to do with extremely high frequencies? We don't need to mention mysterious technology here, just give us an example and you will understand.
The root of network communication speed is actually how much data can be received per unit of time. A communication base station and a cell phone are like the transmission of goods between two logistics stations.wcn7851 The goods are the data that needs to be transmitted. It's the electromagnetic waves we use to communicate that connect the two stations. It is like a highway. The data transfer between them is like goods in a truck.
Wanting to transport all the goods of a business to the other end, we teachers can do so by increasing the capacity of the truck so that it can carry out the transportation of more goods at a time, thus transporting the goods in a shorter period of time while the speed of the truck is being fixed (the speed at which electromagnetic wave transmission develops is fixed at the speed of light). Simply put they are designed to increase the amount of data that can be used as a carrier in the electromagnetic waves of instructional communications to improve the efficiency of our communications technology to accelerate the rate of social network learning.
For example, the current use of 256-QAM is based on this principle to improve the speed of the network, but this method has certain limitations. It is not infinitely efficient, which will increase the power consumption of the RF signal, and on the other hand it will make it more susceptible to noise interference, which can lead to decoding errors. The concept of a truck is easier to understand. A truck has a finite size, you can't turn it into a train.
Another approach is to increase the number of trucks that can travel in the same lane, i.e., increase the bandwidth to achieve a faster network rate. It's not hard to understand that the more lanes there are, the more trucks will pass in a unit of time. In other words, the more data they receive in a unit of time, the faster they can respond on the Internet.
Then there's the issue of millimeter waves. From the above analysis, it is easy to conclude that the easiest way to increase the speed of the Internet is to enhance the bandwidth. According to the principle of communication, the frequency of a communication signal is directly proportional to its maximum bandwidth, which is about 5% of the frequency of the communication signal . In the case of 28ghz millimeter wave, the theoretical maximum bandwidth is 1.4 ghz, which is more than ten times larger than the bandwidth difference of 100Mhz of the 800Mhz-2600MHz bandwidth currently used in 4G LTE.
Millimeter wave can reach 100 MHz bandwidth on a single carrier.
Carrier aggregation information technology can also effectively increase the operating bandwidth, which can integrate multiple carriers together to achieve higher system network bandwidth for enterprises. However, due to the use of carrier aggregation method is also we are limited by the spectrum utilization resources, in the current 4G LTE spectrum education resources, the development of spectrum resources is very important and scarce, the domestic spectrum resources of the richest China as a mobile also only 130MHz spectrum resources. In contrast, millimeter wave spectrum resources have a very rich need, can be assigned to the operator's frequency band is extremely broad, and even a can be assigned to a number of issues continuous high quality frequency band.
High bandwidth, good resources, fast speed, this is the advantages of millimeter wave, 5g why use millimeter wave as a carrier is the fundamental reason. At present, millimeter wave technology is already relatively mature, Qualcomm has already shown us in this regard, by using eight 100 MHz channels to form a high bandwidth of 800 MHz, the network rate is already close to 5Gbps, which is a multiple of the maximum speed below 6GHz.
Millimeter waves are also difficult to use
Millimeter waves are not really a new technology. It has been around for a long time, just not widely used. This is because it is highly constrained by environmental factors in its propagation. Due to the short wavelength, the diffraction ability is not strong, and the penetration of buildings is almost equal to nothing. Slight obstacles can hinder signal propagation. Water molecules in the air will also absorb millimeter waves, resulting in their energy attenuation and extremely limited transmission range. Even the human body itself can cause fatal interference to millimeter waves, and human hands can completely shield millimeter wave signals.
For the application of millimeter wave, the communication industry now has a mature solution.4G signal transmission, is a kind of area coverage, similar to water ripples, without very accurate direction. The transmission of millimeter-wave signals can be regarded as a point-to-point dynamic transmission, which can accurately identify the position and distance between the base station and the cell phone, gather the millimeter-wave signals together to form a high-energy beam, and then directly transmit them by using beam-tracking technology. This energy-concentrated transmission method, with good anti-interference properties, perfectly compensates for the inherent defects of millimeter wave, enabling it to support commercial environments.
Receiving and transmitting millimeter waves in mobile terminals is also a pressing challenge. The wavelength of millimeter wave, the corresponding antenna length is shorter, which can reduce the space occupied by the internal antenna of the cell phone, which is the advantage of millimeter wave. However, in the use of cell phone terminals, millimeter wave is also faced with RF transmission, antenna, amplification, reception and other aspects of the design problem.
Good in our country at present in the cell phone network terminal millimeter wave use, also has a complete solution to the Chinese program. This to Qualcomm's program design is the most representative of its need to build a new generation of millimeter wave antenna module QTM525, integrated a millimeter wave technology transmission of antennas, signal data transceiver, amplification, and a series of management functions, these information functions are assembled in the development of a very "pocket" module structure. The development of these information functions are assembled in a very "pocket" module structure. Cell phone mobile terminal enterprises as long as we use the module, can directly solve the problem of millimeter-wave communication. QTM525 millimeter-wave antenna module, can be deployed in a smart phone environment four, full-service coverage of the global cell phone on all sides, so that the user himself whether horizontal or one-handed grip, always be able to ensure that there is a set of antennae through a set of smooth to ensure that the millimeter-wave communication is reliable.
QTM525 millimeter wave antenna module has excellent volume control. Phones with this module can be controlled to a thickness of eight millimeters, similar to current fourth-generation phones, and can continue the thin features of the phone design, making the fifth-generation phone have the exquisite thin design of the fourth-generation phone.
The thinness of 5G phones is not a problem.
The QTM, 525 is actually Qualcomm's second generation 5G millimeter wave antenna module. Last July, Qualcomm introduced its first-generation millimeter-wave module, the QTM052, to provide millimeter-wave support for the world's first 5G phones, along with the Snapdragon X50 modem. Given that most of the five ~ G phones launched this year will use a combination of the Snapdragon eight five five mobile platform and the Snapdragon X50, millimeter wave is no longer an issue for millimeter wave capable five ~ G phones launched by these vendors, and millimeter wave will only be available to subscribers for carriers with an established network to experience millimeter wave as a result of the fast experience.
Millimeter waves are an integral part of 5G.
The beginning is that we have not been clear, millimeter wave is a part of 5G communication, is one of the two main issues in 5G communication main working frequency band, it brings 5G is more than just a very fast network propagation speed, it is the 5G differentiated service experience is an important factor in the composition of a part.
5G network is a complex network environment, millimeter wave-centered core is the most closed loop experience, which presents the speed limit, but the coverage of the network signal is limited; below 6GHz band provides a balanced performance between speed and coverage; In addition, Gigabit LTE network is indispensable to the 5G environment, with optimal coverage, can ensure that the user in the lack of 5G coverage in the areas where 5G coverage is lacking.
Millimeter wave and sub-6GHz are both integral to 5G. Millimeter waves, being one of the most technically difficult, may be less of a priority in the early stages of 5G, but 5G without millimeter waves. to borrow a popular phrase nowadays, is 5G without a soul.
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